Patents, trademarks, and copyrights are granted/registered through two federal organizations: the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the United States Copyright Office. These organizations also help to maintain IP policy.
United States Patent and Trademark Office - The USPTO grants patents and registers trademarks. After a decision is made on whether to grant/register or deny a trademark or patent, parties can appeal the decision through either the Patent Trial and Appeal Board or the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board. Appeals of PTAB and TTAB decisions are heard by the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The USPTO website contains applications, PTAB and TTAB decisions, and USPTO procedures, among other resources.
United States Copyright Office - The U.S. Copyright Office registers copyrights as a department of the Library of Congress. The Copyright Office website contains information on Copyright Office operating procedures, policy decisions, and registered copyrights.